Biology
Semester 2 I Can Statements
Vocabulary: Words You Should Know
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) - contains all genetic information
Nucleotides - Building blocks of Nucleic Acids (consist of phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base)
Phosphate - one of the three components of a nucleotide
Deoxyribose or Ribose sugar - one of the three components of a nucleotide
Nitrogen Base - One of the three components of a nucleotide. (DNA: Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine. RNA: has Uracil instead of Thymine)
Double Helix - the two stranded arrangement of DNA
Hydrogen Bonds - bonds that hold the complimentary base pairs together and creates the double helix in DNA
Complimentary Base Pairs - A always pairs with T (or U), and C always pairs with G
Purines - double ring nitrogen bases (A and G)
Pyrimidines - Single ring nitrogen bases (C, T, U)
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) - temporary copy of DNA (single stranded)
Protein Synthesis - process of converting DNA code into proteins. consists of transcription and translation
Transcription - Process of converting a DNA gene into a complimentary RNA strand
Translation - Process of converting mRNA into a protein or polypeptide
Polypeptide - short chain of amino acids. (Too short to be a real protein!)
Nucleotides - Building blocks of Nucleic Acids (consist of phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base)
Phosphate - one of the three components of a nucleotide
Deoxyribose or Ribose sugar - one of the three components of a nucleotide
Nitrogen Base - One of the three components of a nucleotide. (DNA: Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine. RNA: has Uracil instead of Thymine)
Double Helix - the two stranded arrangement of DNA
Hydrogen Bonds - bonds that hold the complimentary base pairs together and creates the double helix in DNA
Complimentary Base Pairs - A always pairs with T (or U), and C always pairs with G
Purines - double ring nitrogen bases (A and G)
Pyrimidines - Single ring nitrogen bases (C, T, U)
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) - temporary copy of DNA (single stranded)
Protein Synthesis - process of converting DNA code into proteins. consists of transcription and translation
Transcription - Process of converting a DNA gene into a complimentary RNA strand
Translation - Process of converting mRNA into a protein or polypeptide
Polypeptide - short chain of amino acids. (Too short to be a real protein!)